Flat-Faced Breed Health Risks Every Owner Should Know

Flat-faced (brachycephalic) pets, such as bulldogs, French bulldogs, pugs, Boston terriers, Shih Tzus and Persian cats, are adored for their expressive faces. That same face shape, with a shortened skull, brings health challenges every owner should understand.

Breathing problems

Narrow nostrils, a long soft palate and a small windpipe can make breathing harder, a condition often called brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Loud snoring, noisy breathing, gagging and tiring easily are common signs. Don't assume noisy breathing is normal for the breed. Your vet can assess how well your pet is breathing.

Overheating

These pets cool down poorly, so heat, humidity and exercise are serious risks. Walk in the cool of the day, provide shade and water, and never leave them in a car. Heatstroke is an emergency.

Eye problems

Prominent eyes are prone to dryness and scratches (corneal ulcers). Squinting, redness, discharge or pawing at the eyes needs prompt attention.

Skin folds and dental crowding

Wrinkles trap moisture and bacteria, leading to skin infections. Clean and dry folds daily. Crowded teeth lead to tartar buildup, so dental care matters.

Spine, joints and weight

Some flat-faced breeds are prone to spinal and joint problems. Extra weight makes breathing and mobility worse, so keep your pet lean.

Anesthesia and surgery

Airway anatomy increases anesthesia risk. Tell any clinic about your pet's breed and breathing history, and ask how they will monitor your pet.

Daily habits that help

Use a harness instead of a collar
Keep your home cool in summer
Keep weight in a healthy range
Schedule regular exams, and ask your vet to evaluate breathing

When it's an emergency

Blue or pale gums, collapse, severe struggling to breathe or signs of heatstroke need an emergency clinic right away. Need help locating one? Find a vet near me.